Abstract

This research project, titled “The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Promoting and Protecting Human Rights in Cameroon,” explores the contributions of NGOs in safeguarding human rights in Cameroon. The primary objective was to investigate the role of NGOs in Cameroon concerning human rights protection. It also aimed to achieve four specific goals: (1) Examine the legal framework governing NGOs in Cameroon, (2) Identify the most prominent NGOs in Cameroon, (3) Analyze the diverse roles of NGOs operating in Cameroon, and (4) Outline the challenges that NGOs face when carrying out their duties in Cameroon.

The problem addressed in this study revolves around the limitations imposed on NGOs in Cameroon, particularly by the government. Many NGOs operate independently from the government, and when they report on undemocratic actions by the government, they often face restrictions and regulations. Some of their founders or employees may even face arrest. These constraints hinder NGOs from effectively fulfilling their roles as human rights advocates.

In conclusion, this research sheds light on the critical role NGOs play in advancing human rights in Cameroon. The findings also emphasize the challenges they encounter due to government restrictions.

The study suggests a set of recommendations to address these challenges and ensure that NGOs can operate more freely and actively in their role as human rights watchdogs.

Chapter One

General Introduction

1.1 Background to the Study

A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a non-profit entity that operates independently of government control. NGOs, also referred to as civil societies, exist on local, national, and international levels to advocate for social or political causes such as humanitarian efforts and environmental protection.

The history of NGOs on a global scale can be traced back to at least the mid-nineteenth century. They played active roles in movements like anti-slavery and women’s suffrage. However, the term “non-governmental organization” gained widespread use only with the establishment of the United Nations in 1945. The UN Charter, specifically Article 71 of Chapter 10, allowed NGOs to have a consultative role with the organization. This recognition of the significance of NGOs in sustainable development, as outlined in Agenda 21’s Chapter 27, solidified a consultative relationship between NGOs and the UN.

Globalization and advancements in electronic telecommunications have further propelled the growth of NGOs. This phenomenon not only strengthened their influence but also fostered collaboration among NGOs across international borders. Additionally, concerns about the impact of neo-liberal economic policies, which seemed to prioritize capitalist interests over the welfare of the poor, contributed to the development of NGOs focusing on humanitarian issues, human rights, developmental aid, and sustainable development.

NGOs encompass a wide range of organizations that form part of civil society. They share the common goal of pursuing objectives other than financial gain. NGOs vary from small advocacy groups addressing specific issues like environmental concerns and human rights abuses to charitable organizations, legal foundations, and humanitarian aid programs.

In contemporary Cameroon, numerous NGOs with similar objectives have emerged. These NGOs work relentlessly to protect and promote democracy, good governance, and human rights. They use various strategies, including online and offline campaigns, resource mobilization, international advocacy, legal aid for human rights abuse victims, collaboration with government authorities, human rights education, and more. NGOs in Cameroon work in close partnership with legal professionals to provide pro bono legal assistance to victims and cooperate with media to raise human rights awareness.

However, the activities of NGOs in Cameroon are often met with government restrictions and regulations. When NGOs report undemocratic practices by the government, their founders or employees may face arrest, hindering their effectiveness as human rights advocates.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

One of the primary challenges faced by NGOs in Cameroon is the government’s restriction and regulation of their activities, particularly when they report on undemocratic practices. This impediment limits the ability of NGOs to freely and effectively fulfill their roles as human rights watchdogs. This research seeks to provide an overview of the role of NGOs, particularly focusing on their significance in Cameroon, their relevance to Cameroonian society, and the extent to which they contribute to the protection and promotion of human rights. The study will also examine the actions of the Cameroonian government concerning the human rights activities of NGOs and the challenges they encounter in fulfilling their missions, along with their inherent weaknesses.

1.3 Research Questions

1.3.1 General Research Question

• What is the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Cameroon?

1.3.2 Specific Research Questions

1. What is the legal framework regulating NGOs in Cameroon?
2. Who are the most prominent Human rights NGOs in Cameroon?
3. What are the roles of various NGOs in Cameroon?
4. What challenges do NGOs face in Cameroon while executing their duties?

1.4 Objectives of the Study

1.4.1 General Objective

The general objective of this study is to examine the role of NGOs in the promotion and protection of human rights in Cameroon.

1.4.2 Specific Objectives

1. To delineate the legal framework governing NGOs in Cameroon.
2. To identify the most prominent NGOs in Cameroon.
3. To critically analyze the roles of various NGOs in Cameroon.
4. To outline the challenges faced by NGOs in Cameroon during the execution of their duties.

1.5 Research Methodology

This research adopts qualitative research methodology, primarily utilizing content analysis. The study does not rely on numerical or statistical data. It encompasses both primary and secondary data. Primary data sources include relevant statutes such as the Cameroonian Constitution, Law No 99/014 of 22 Dec 1999 governing NGOs, and Law No 90/053 of 19 Dec 1990 on freedom of association. Secondary data sources include textbooks, journals, articles, magazines, and the internet.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The study’s scope extends geographically and territorially to compare how NGOs in Cameroon are treated concerning those in other countries. However, the focus of the study remains on NGOs operating within the political jurisdiction of Cameroon.