ABSTRACT

Land conflicts between agro-pastoral communities have become a common issue in Cameroon, particularly in rural areas where agriculture and livestock farming compete for space. In the Mbaw Plain, Ndu Sub-Division, North West Region of Cameroon, agro-pastoral land conflicts have escalated due to increased land pressure, poor land management, and competition for resources. This study aims to assess the causes, effects, and management strategies of agro-pastoral land conflicts in this region. It also examines the role of government and local authorities in mitigating these conflicts and suggests ways to enhance land-use planning and conflict resolution.

The primary causes of agro-pastoral conflicts in Mbaw Plain include population growth, increased demand for agricultural land, and the expansion of grazing lands. Traditional farming practices are often at odds with the needs of pastoralists, leading to clashes over land boundaries, water resources, and crop damage by livestock. The absence of clear land ownership and boundary demarcations exacerbates the situation, as pastoralists often move livestock without considering the boundaries recognized by farmers.

The effects of these conflicts are far-reaching, leading to social unrest, economic losses, and food insecurity. Farmers lose crops to livestock, while herders face restrictions in accessing grazing land. These tensions often result in violence, displacement, and the breakdown of community relations. Livelihoods are severely affected, and the overall development of the area is hindered as land conflicts continue to pose threats to sustainable agricultural and livestock production.

This research explores the conflict resolution mechanisms in place, including traditional authorities such as village chiefs and councils, government intervention, and legal frameworks like the Land Tenure System. While traditional methods have been effective in some instances, they lack the formal backing to enforce long-term solutions. Government involvement through land zoning and management policies remains limited, and the weak enforcement of existing land laws contributes to the persistence of these conflicts.

The study highlights the need for integrated land-use planning that considers the needs of both farmers and pastoralists. This includes clear land demarcations, collaborative decision-making, and enhanced dialogue between the two communities. Additionally, strengthening the capacity of local authorities to manage conflicts and involving governmental and non-governmental organizations in mediating disputes can reduce the frequency of land conflicts.

In conclusion, agro-pastoral land conflicts in the Mbaw Plain are fueled by competing land use, poor resource management, and ineffective conflict resolution strategies. The implementation of sustainable land-use practices, stronger government involvement, and improved local conflict resolution mechanisms are essential for resolving these conflicts and promoting peaceful coexistence.

Keywords: Agro-pastoral conflict, land management, Ndu Sub-Division, Mbaw Plain, conflict resolution, land use planning.