Background to the Study

Breast cancer remains a significant public health concern globally, ranking as the most prevalent cancer among women. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer accounts for approximately 25% of all cancer cases in women worldwide (WHO, 2021). Early detection is crucial for effective treatment and improved survival rates. Among the methods for early detection, Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is simple, cost-effective, and empowers women to identify abnormalities in their breast tissue at an early stage (Akhtari-Zavare et al., 2020).

BSE involves regularly inspecting and palpating the breasts for lumps, changes in size or shape, and other abnormalities. Despite its importance, studies indicate that many women either lack the knowledge to perform BSE correctly or face challenges that hinder its consistent practice (Nde et al., 2015). These challenges often include socio-cultural barriers, misinformation, lack of awareness, and limited access to health education programs.

Bonadikombo, a semi-urban community in Limbe, Cameroon, is home to a diverse population, including women aged 20–35, a group particularly vulnerable to late-stage breast cancer diagnoses due to inadequate screening behaviors (Ngowe et al., 2017). Understanding the knowledge levels and challenges faced by women in this demographic is vital for designing targeted interventions to promote BSE and, by extension, breast health.

Research Problem

The prevalence of breast cancer and associated mortality rates remain high in Cameroon, partly due to delayed diagnoses and inadequate screening practices (Nguefack et al., 2019). Breast Self-Examination (BSE), a crucial preventive tool, is underutilized among women in communities like Bonadikombo. Observations indicate that many women are either unaware of the importance of BSE or lack the necessary skills to perform it effectively. Additionally, cultural taboos, stigma, and misconceptions surrounding breast cancer contribute to a low adoption rate of BSE practices.

Despite efforts to raise awareness about breast health, significant gaps persist in knowledge and practice, particularly among young women. This research seeks to investigate the level of knowledge about BSE among women aged 20–35 in Bonadikombo and identify the challenges they face in practicing it. The findings will inform strategies to improve breast health education and encourage regular BSE as a preventive measure.

Objectives of the Study

General Objective:
To assess the knowledge and challenges faced by women aged 20–35 in Bonadikombo regarding the practice of Breast Self-Examination (BSE).

Specific Objectives:

1. To determine the level of knowledge about BSE among women in Bonadikombo.
2. To identify the challenges that hinder the practice of BSE among women in the community.
3. To explore socio-cultural factors influencing the adoption of BSE.
4. To recommend strategies for improving BSE knowledge and practice among women in Bonadikombo.

Research Questions

1. What is the level of knowledge about Breast Self-Examination (BSE) among women aged 20–35 in Bonadikombo?
2. What challenges do women in Bonadikombo face in practicing BSE?
3. How do socio-cultural factors influence the practice of BSE in this community?
4. What strategies can be implemented to enhance the knowledge and practice of BSE among women in Bonadikombo?