ABSTRACT

This study examines the rights of protected persons during armed conflicts in Cameroon, as stipulated by International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Protected persons refer to civilians, medical personnel, prisoners of war, and other non-combatants who are afforded special protection under IHL during conflict. With Cameroon facing internal armed conflicts, particularly in the Anglophone regions, the issue of safeguarding protected persons has become critical. This appraisal aims to analyze how IHL is applied in Cameroon and the effectiveness of the protection mechanisms in place.

The study begins by outlining the legal frameworks governing the rights of protected persons, including the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. These treaties form the backbone of IHL, ensuring the safety and dignity of non-combatants during armed conflicts. The Geneva Conventions classify individuals who are not or no longer involved in hostilities as protected persons, ensuring they are treated humanely, provided with medical care, and shielded from direct attacks.

The analysis further focuses on the application of these laws in the Cameroonian context. In the ongoing conflict in the North-West and South-West regions, violations of the rights of protected persons have been reported. Civilians have been subjected to forced displacements, extrajudicial killings, and attacks on their property. Medical personnel, hospitals, and humanitarian workers, who are also under the protection of IHL, have faced numerous challenges in delivering assistance to affected populations.

Additionally, this appraisal discusses the role of the Cameroonian government and non-state armed groups in upholding IHL provisions. While Cameroon is a signatory to various international treaties, the study identifies gaps in the enforcement of these laws. The inability to hold violators accountable, especially in conflict zones, exacerbates the plight of protected persons. The study highlights the need for stronger legal mechanisms, including the establishment of war crime tribunals and more robust international cooperation, to ensure that IHL is effectively implemented in Cameroon.

In conclusion, the research emphasizes the urgent need to strengthen the protection of civilians and other non-combatants in conflict zones in Cameroon. Enhanced training for military personnel, improved accountability measures, and greater international involvement are essential for ensuring that the rights of protected persons under IHL are respected. This appraisal contributes to the growing body of work aimed at improving the treatment and safety of vulnerable populations in armed conflict situations.

Keywords: International Humanitarian Law, protected persons, Geneva Conventions, armed conflict, Cameroon, civilian protection, medical personnel, accountability, legal mechanisms.