ABSTRACT

This study assesses the health implications of poor household toilets on the population in Bomaka, Buea Municipality, Fako Division, South West Cameroon. Inadequate sanitation facilities can significantly impact public health, contributing to various health issues and environmental concerns.

Household toilets in Bomaka are often characterized by poor construction, inadequate maintenance, and insufficient sanitation practices. These deficiencies can lead to the spread of diseases and negatively affect the community’s overall health. This study aims to evaluate how these poor sanitation conditions impact residents and identify potential health risks.

The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. Questionnaires were distributed to a sample of households in Bomaka to gather data on the condition of their toilets, sanitation practices, and related health problems. In-depth interviews were conducted with local health workers, community leaders, and residents to gain insights into the broader health implications of poor sanitation.

Findings reveal that inadequate household toilets in Bomaka contribute to several health issues. Waterborne diseases, such as diarrhea and cholera, are prevalent among residents, primarily due to improper disposal of human waste and contamination of water sources. Vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, are also exacerbated by poor sanitation conditions, as stagnant water around improperly managed toilets provides breeding grounds for mosquitoes.

The study also highlights the psychosocial effects of poor sanitation, including stress and anxiety related to the unhygienic living conditions. Families with inadequate toilets often face stigma and social isolation, which further impacts their well-being. Children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable, experiencing higher rates of illness and health complications due to poor sanitation.

Recommendations for addressing these issues include improving the construction and maintenance of household toilets, implementing regular sanitation education programs, and enhancing community awareness about the importance of proper waste management. Local authorities and health organizations should collaborate to provide better sanitation infrastructure and support to affected households.

In conclusion, the health implications of poor household toilets in Bomaka are significant, affecting both physical and mental health. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive approach involving improved sanitation facilities, community education, and support from local and national health organizations.

Keywords: Health implications, poor household toilets, sanitation, Bomaka, Buea Municipality, waterborne diseases, vector-borne diseases, psychosocial effects, community health.