ABSTRACT

This study examines diaper disposal practices among women in Buea, Cameroon, focusing on environmental awareness, media education effectiveness, access to disposal facilities, cultural influences, and habitual practices. Through a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 100 participants using structured questionnaires and interviews. Findings indicate a strong awareness of the environmental impact of improper diaper disposal, with varying perceptions of media education effectiveness. Access to disposal facilities emerged as a critical factor influencing disposal behaviors, alongside cultural norms and habitual practices. Recommendations include enhancing educational campaigns, improving waste management infrastructure, fostering community engagement, and advocating for policy reforms. These interventions aim to promote sustainable diaper disposal practices and enhance environmental stewardship within the community.

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Background to the Study

Diaper pollution has emerged as a critical environmental issue globally, with significant implications for waste management and ecological sustainability. Disposable diapers, widely used for their convenience, contribute substantially to municipal solid waste. The problem is particularly pronounced in developing countries like Cameroon, where waste management infrastructure is often inadequate (Babayemi & Dauda, 2009). Buea, a town in the South West Region of Cameroon, exemplifies these challenges, facing increasing diaper waste amidst growing urbanization and population (Nchawa Yangla, 2015).

The rapid urbanization in Buea has led to an increased usage of disposable diapers, driven by a rise in the working population and changing lifestyles (Neba, 2011). This surge in diaper usage has not been matched by effective waste management practices, resulting in environmental pollution. Improper disposal of diapers contributes to clogged drainage systems, pollution of water bodies, and health hazards due to the proliferation of pathogens (Enyoh et al., 2020). These issues highlight the urgent need for effective media education on proper diaper usage and disposal.

Media education plays a crucial role in shaping public perceptions and behaviors regarding waste management (McQuail, 2010). In Buea, the effectiveness of media campaigns on diaper usage and disposal is vital in addressing the growing environmental challenges. Previous studies have shown that well-designed media campaigns can significantly influence public attitudes and practices towards waste management (Singh & Pandey, 2021). However, the extent to which media education in Buea effectively informs and influences women, who are primary caregivers, remains underexplored.

The demographic profile of women in Buea includes a mix of urban and rural backgrounds, with varying levels of education and access to information (Njoh, 2006). This diversity necessitates a tailored approach to media education, ensuring that messages about diaper usage and disposal reach and resonate with different segments of the population. Understanding how women in Buea perceive and respond to media education on this issue is crucial for designing effective interventions (Ekane, 2013).

Economic factors also play a significant role in diaper usage and disposal practices. In Buea, the cost of disposable diapers can be prohibitive for many families, leading to prolonged use of single diapers or resorting to improper disposal methods (Agbor, 2019). Media education must address these economic realities by promoting affordable and sustainable alternatives, such as cloth diapers, and providing practical disposal solutions.

Cultural practices and beliefs influence diaper usage and disposal in Buea. Traditional methods of infant care and waste disposal still persist, often conflicting with modern practices (Ndetan et al., 2019). Media education campaigns need to be culturally sensitive and inclusive, bridging the gap between traditional and modern practices to ensure broader acceptance and implementation of proper disposal methods.

Environmental awareness among the population in Buea is growing, but there is still a significant gap in knowledge and practice (Ebot, 2015). Effective media education can bridge this gap by providing clear, actionable information on the environmental impacts of improper diaper disposal and the benefits of sustainable practices. Engaging local communities and leveraging local media channels can enhance the reach and impact of these educational efforts.

Government policies and initiatives play a critical role in managing diaper pollution. In Cameroon, there have been efforts to improve waste management systems, but implementation and enforcement remain challenges (Ndoh & Latunji, 2016). Media education can support these initiatives by raising public awareness and encouraging community participation in waste management programs. Collaboration between government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and media outlets is essential for a cohesive approach to addressing diaper pollution.

The role of healthcare professionals in educating mothers about diaper usage and disposal cannot be overlooked. Nurses, midwives, and community health workers in Buea are often trusted sources of information for new mothers (Tita et al., 2018). Integrating media education with healthcare services can reinforce messages and provide practical guidance to mothers, enhancing their understanding and adoption of proper disposal practices.

Research on diaper pollution and media education in Cameroon is limited, highlighting the need for more comprehensive studies. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing the perceptions of women in Buea on the available media education regarding diaper usage and disposal. By understanding their perceptions, challenges, and suggestions, the study seeks to provide insights that can inform the design of more effective media campaigns and interventions.