Abstract

Immunization is a critical public health intervention that significantly reduces the morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine-preventable diseases in children under five years old. This study assesses the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) regarding immunization among mothers attending antenatal clinics (ANC) in Buea, Cameroon. Understanding these factors is essential for enhancing immunization coverage and ensuring the health of young children.

A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving the administration of structured questionnaires to mothers attending ANC in various healthcare facilities in Buea. The questionnaire assessed mothers’ knowledge of immunization schedules, the importance of vaccines, and the diseases they prevent. It also explored their attitudes towards immunization, including their beliefs, concerns, and willingness to vaccinate their children. Furthermore, the study examined the actual practices of these mothers in ensuring their children receive timely and complete immunization.

The findings reveal that while the majority of mothers possess a basic understanding of the importance of immunization, there are gaps in their knowledge regarding specific vaccines and the diseases they prevent. Attitudes towards immunization were generally positive, with most mothers recognizing the benefits of vaccinating their children. However, some mothers expressed concerns about potential side effects and the safety of vaccines, which could influence their willingness to follow through with the complete immunization schedule. The study also found that while most mothers adhered to the recommended immunization practices, factors such as accessibility to healthcare facilities, financial constraints, and misinformation posed barriers to full compliance.

The study highlights the need for improved health education and counseling services in antenatal clinics to address knowledge gaps and concerns about immunization. It recommends that healthcare providers offer clear, accurate information about the importance of vaccines and address any misconceptions that may hinder compliance. Additionally, the study suggests enhancing the accessibility and affordability of immunization services to ensure that all children in Buea receive the necessary vaccinations on time. Strengthening the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to immunization among mothers is crucial for increasing immunization coverage and protecting the health of under-five children in Buea.

Keywords: Immunization, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Under-Five Children, Mothers, Antenatal Clinic, Buea, Cameroon.