Abstract

This study examines the level of knowledge and risk factors associated with gestational diabetes among pregnant women attending the Buea Regional Hospital. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses significant health risks for both mother and child, including complications during delivery and a heightened risk of developing type 2 diabetes post-pregnancy. With increasing rates of GDM globally and limited awareness surrounding its causes, prevention, and management, understanding pregnant women’s knowledge and identifying prominent risk factors is crucial for effective healthcare intervention. This research aims to assess the knowledge of GDM, awareness of its symptoms and management, and the presence of any associated risk factors among pregnant women in the Buea community.

A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving pregnant women selected through convenience sampling at the Buea Regional Hospital. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire that covered GDM-related knowledge, including understanding of symptoms, potential complications, and prevention strategies, as well as demographic information such as age, family history of diabetes, previous history of GDM, body mass index (BMI), and lifestyle factors. The knowledge component focused on understanding symptoms like excessive thirst, fatigue, and frequent urination, as well as awareness of lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise for GDM prevention. Risk factors analyzed included family history of diabetes, BMI, age, physical activity, and dietary habits.

Results indicate that 35% of respondents had a satisfactory understanding of GDM, with symptoms like excessive thirst and fatigue recognized by 50% of participants. However, only 30% were aware of the importance of diet and exercise in managing and preventing GDM. Among the risk factors, a family history of diabetes was reported by 45% of participants, while 40% of respondents were classified as overweight or obese based on their BMI. Additionally, 20% of respondents had experienced GDM in previous pregnancies, marking a recurring risk factor. Notably, women with higher educational backgrounds demonstrated better knowledge of GDM than those with primary education or none. However, gaps in knowledge about the severity and potential complications of GDM were evident across all educational levels.

These findings highlight the need for targeted health education interventions to increase awareness of GDM, focusing on symptoms, preventive measures, and risk factor management. Health education programs should be integrated into antenatal care services to address knowledge gaps and promote lifestyle changes that could reduce GDM risk. Additionally, screening for GDM risk factors early in pregnancy is essential to identify high-risk individuals and provide timely medical and lifestyle interventions. Enhanced knowledge of GDM among pregnant women is essential for improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus, knowledge, risk factors, pregnancy, antenatal care, Buea Regional Hospital, maternal health.