Abstract

This study evaluates patient knowledge regarding the prevention and complications of diabetes mellitus at the Regional Hospital Buea. Diabetes mellitus, a chronic and increasingly prevalent condition worldwide, poses substantial health risks, especially in low-resource settings where awareness and resources for prevention are often limited. Effective diabetes management hinges on patient understanding of prevention strategies and potential complications, as informed patients are more likely to adopt practices that minimize health risks. This research aims to assess the extent of patient knowledge on these aspects and to identify areas where further educational interventions may be necessary to improve health outcomes for diabetes patients.

A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among diabetes patients attending the Regional Hospital Buea. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, which assessed patient knowledge of risk factors, preventive measures, lifestyle modifications, and complications associated with diabetes. Additional information on demographic factors such as age, gender, educational level, and duration since diagnosis was gathered to examine any potential influences on knowledge levels. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to evaluate general knowledge levels and inferential statistics to identify any significant associations between demographic characteristics and diabetes-related knowledge.

The results reveal that 65% of the patients were aware of at least one preventive measure for diabetes, with diet modification and physical exercise being the most commonly cited methods. However, only 40% could accurately identify complications associated with poor diabetes control, such as neuropathy, kidney damage, and cardiovascular diseases. A significant knowledge gap was found among patients with lower educational backgrounds, as well as those who had been diagnosed with diabetes for less than a year. Furthermore, 55% of participants had misconceptions about the causes and prevention of diabetes, with some patients incorrectly attributing diabetes to factors like stress alone, while overlooking critical elements such as genetic predisposition, obesity, and physical inactivity.

The study’s findings highlight a need for enhanced patient education, especially in the areas of diabetes complications and comprehensive prevention strategies. Recommendations include the implementation of regular, hospital-led educational sessions focusing on diabetes management and its complications, targeted at newly diagnosed patients and those with limited educational backgrounds. Increased access to informative materials and the incorporation of family-centered education are also suggested, as family support plays a vital role in patient compliance with preventive and management measures.

In conclusion, improving patient knowledge on diabetes prevention and complications is essential for better health outcomes and effective management of diabetes in Buea. The findings underscore the importance of continuous patient education to empower individuals with the information needed to prevent complications and lead healthier lives.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, patient knowledge, prevention, complications, Regional Hospital Buea, health education, chronic disease management.