Abstract

This study assesses the knowledge of youths in the Molyko community, Buea, on the risk factors and prevention of kidney stones, a growing public health concern in Cameroon and globally. Kidney stones, which develop due to mineral crystallization in the urinary tract, pose significant health risks, including pain, infections, and potential kidney damage. Lifestyle factors, diet, hydration habits, and genetic predispositions are major risk factors for kidney stones, particularly among young adults who may lack awareness about prevention. This research aims to evaluate the understanding of kidney stone risk factors, preventive practices, and information sources among youths aged 18-35 years in Molyko.

A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted, utilizing structured questionnaires to gather data from a sample of 100 participants. The questionnaire assessed knowledge levels on risk factors, including dietary habits, hydration, genetics, and sedentary lifestyles. Additionally, it evaluated participants’ awareness of symptoms, preventive measures, and the sources from which they obtain health information. Data were analyzed quantitatively to identify knowledge gaps and factors that influence awareness and preventive behaviors. Focus group discussions were also conducted to gain qualitative insights into social perceptions and attitudes toward kidney stone prevention in the community.

The findings show that only 30% of respondents demonstrated a strong understanding of kidney stone risk factors, with limited knowledge on the role of diet and hydration in prevention. While 60% of participants recognized symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, awareness of early prevention practices, including adequate water intake and dietary adjustments, was lacking in 65% of respondents. A significant proportion of youths indicated they had not received sufficient education on kidney health from healthcare providers or schools. Key barriers to knowledge included limited access to health education resources, lack of emphasis on kidney health in community health outreach, and the misconception that kidney stones affect only older adults.

The study concludes that knowledge of kidney stone risk factors and preventive practices among Molyko youths is limited, with many unaware of how lifestyle choices influence their kidney health. To address these gaps, targeted community health programs are recommended, focusing on accessible health education, promoting dietary awareness, and emphasizing the importance of hydration in kidney health. Collaborative efforts involving local healthcare providers, schools, and community leaders can raise awareness and empower youths to adopt preventive practices. Enhanced public health education could significantly reduce the risk and incidence of kidney stones within the youth population in Molyko.

Keywords: Kidney stones, risk factors, prevention, youths, Molyko community, Buea, health education, hydration.