CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

The human brain is immensely complex and still somewhat of a mystery. It follows then, that learning a primary function of the brain. According to Mayer [2011] learning is the relatively permanent change in a person’s knowledge or behaviour due to experience. According to Brown, Roediger $ McDaniel [2014] they define learning as the acquisition of knowledge and skills having them readily available from memory so you can make sense of future problems and opportunities.

Classroom learning activities are those activities that the teacher develops bring about or create the condition for teaching [ kalantzis $ cope 2021]. They refer to those activities that make the classroom interactive to make learners achieve their academic goal. This done by the teacher to help learners to improve their performances. All these activities should be in the classroom with a peaceful surrounding. The teachers are the main figure in this activity the whole idea is for learners to be able to effectively produce what have been thought them learning activities are designing to develop learning that support course outcomes. All learning activities should support all outcomes, and all course outcomes need to be supported by learning activities. Learning activities are those which actual student learning occurs. Learning activities can also be designed so that the learning lead to the achievement of the subject and program outcomes.  These learning activities are divided in to two which is class based activities and out of classroom activities. These activities include games, questioning, role play, debates, divide learners in to groups, student presentation, reading, technology, etc.

Background of the study

Learning is the acquisition of knowledge skills by studying, experience or been thought. Learning takes place both in and out of the classroom. Classroom activities has made learning easy for learners in the classroom. Classroom helps students and teachers to organize students work, boost collaboration and foster better communication. Classroom learning involves physical interaction with a teacher and peers. Teachers emphasis on the understanding of the delivered knowledge and develop problem solving skills and creative thinking. Students in classroom learn through two ways actively or passively. They learn by being receptacles of knowledge which means they have no role in the learning process. On the other hand, students learn actively by participating in the learning process not only listening sitting passively in the class will cause attentiveness and lose of concentration. Students can be involved actively by using different types of strategies like group discussion, open question techniques, personal exploration, critical thinking, experiment, presentation, debates or role play. There many ways that teachers can implement in the classroom to ensure that students gain the targeted skills and knowledge which predicted to prepare person for real life. One of the best kind of this ways is activity based learning according to Bhalli, Sattar and Asif (2016) best teaching and learning method are those which make students contribute actively in classroom.

Activity based learning is the process of effectively engaging the learners to the teaching and learning process. Other learning activities require student to independently solve problems or create products examples include simulations, games, problem solving exercises etc.  These activities are active learning activities since the student takes a more active role. In some cases, active learning activities are opportunities for students to practice skills and apply knowledge previously taught through didactic activities.

Learning is pass on or transfer of knowledge from one person to another in a set up and well structure curriculum. These learning activities are used to keep the classroom going and active. The curriculum in itself should contain even the learning activities of the classroom, objective didactic materials to enhance effective learning for the learners. Learning classroom activities is effective at every stage and level of education that is from kinder garden to the higher sector of education. But it is very important in the primary sector of education because it is the most crucial level or tender level of education. It is a start and basic so learners are to make good use of learning activities because at this level they are mostly visual learners and whatever they learn or assimilate helps to form the foundation for future learners so the teacher is in position to use the most suitable learning activity for the learners in order to archive high academic performance.

In the past before modernization came in teachers of the old made good use of the primitive learning activities like using games, clapping hands, singing traditional songs to keep the class going and conducive for learners.

Active learning activity not only an effective strategy in the traditional classroom environment, it is effective and even crucial in hybrid environment, where students are being asked to take a more responsible and active role in learning. Instructors are faced with the challenge of designing activities that support learning objectives and of structuring them to work online or face to face. Learning is the most essential factor or activity to humans. Learning has different ways or activities but learning has a lot of benefits to the learner in this 20’s. The important question which this long essay seeks to address is the impart of classroom learning activity to learner academic achievements.

Statement of the problem

Learning activities are those activities designed or deployed by the teacher to bring about, or create the conditions for learning. The curriculum is student centered but the classroom teaching is the opposite of the curriculum, teachers don’t make their classroom active but dormant and purely lectures method to teach them. Most schools use one and the same classroom learning activities and others don’t even use them at all that is why administrators should consider this study. The most important question this study seeks to address is the impact of classroom learning activities on the learners’ academic performance.

Teachers most of the time use different learning activities that does not tie to the objective and is not outcome oriented. So this research is out to correct teachers to use correct learning activities for the right outcome and the important of learning classroom activities to learners for positive outcome.

Objectives of the study

The objective of this study is in two parts that is general and specific objectives.

General objectives

The general objective of this study is to find out the impact of learning activities on learners’ academic achievements.

Specific objectives of the study

The specific objective of the study is to find out the effects;

• Class based learning activities on academic achievements.
• Out of class learning activities on academic achievements.

Research questions

This also subdivided into two that is general and specific research questions;

General research questions

The general research question of this study is to find what is the impact of learning activities on learner’s academic achievements.

Specific research question

• What is the effect of class based learning activities on academic achievements?
• What is the effect of out of class learning activities on academic achievements?

Research hypothesis

The research hypothesis of this study is sub-divided in to general and specific hypothesis.

General hypothesis

The general research hypothesis is made up of the null and alternative hypothesis

• . Ho – learning activities has a direct impact on learners’ academic achievements.
• Ha – learning activities do not have an impact on learners’ academic achievements.

Specific research hypothesis

• Ha₁ – Class room based learning activities have an effect on academic achievements.
• Ho₁ – Class room based learning activities do not have an effect on academic achievements.
• Ha₂ – Out of class learning activities have an effect on academic achievements.
• Ho₂– Out of class learning activities do not have an effect on academic achievements.