Abstract

Hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (HAUTIs) are among the most common healthcare-associated infections, posing significant health risks to patients and leading to increased hospital stays and healthcare costs. This study explores the factors contributing to the development of HAUTIs among patients admitted to the Buea Regional Hospital, with the aim of identifying primary risk factors and informing preventive measures to reduce infection rates. Specifically, the research examines patient demographics, hygiene practices, catheter use, and hospital sanitation standards as potential contributors to HAUTIs in this setting.

The study employs a descriptive cross-sectional design, involving 150 patients diagnosed with urinary tract infections (UTIs) during their hospital stay. Data collection methods include patient questionnaires, review of medical records, and direct observation of hospital procedures related to catheterization and sanitation. The sample group comprises patients from various wards, including surgery, general medicine, and intensive care, to capture a broad spectrum of exposure and risk factors. Statistical analysis is performed to identify significant correlations between HAUTI occurrence and factors such as duration of catheter use, adherence to aseptic protocols, and patient immunity levels.

Results indicate that prolonged catheterization (exceeding 48 hours) significantly increases the likelihood of developing HAUTIs, with over 65% of affected patients having undergone extended catheter use. Furthermore, suboptimal hand hygiene practices among healthcare workers and inconsistent adherence to sterilization protocols for medical equipment were identified as additional contributors. Patients with underlying health conditions, such as diabetes or compromised immune systems, were also found to be at a higher risk of HAUTIs. Environmental factors, including the regularity of hospital sanitation in high-traffic areas, were noted as a further risk for infection development.

This study highlights the critical role of strict adherence to aseptic techniques, particularly during catheter insertion and maintenance, in preventing HAUTIs. Recommendations include implementing routine staff training on infection control, increasing monitoring of catheterized patients, and enhancing cleaning protocols within patient wards. By addressing these risk factors, Buea Regional Hospital can mitigate the incidence of HAUTIs, thereby improving patient outcomes and reducing hospital-acquired infection rates.

Keywords: Hospital-acquired urinary tract infections, catheterization, infection control, risk factors, Buea Regional Hospital, healthcare-associated infections.