Abstract

This study explores the impact of student-teacher ratios on academic performance at the University of Buea, one of the leading public universities in Cameroon. As public universities in developing countries face increasing student enrollment without a corresponding increase in faculty numbers, the student-teacher ratio becomes a critical factor influencing educational quality and student outcomes. This research aims to investigate the extent to which overcrowded classrooms and insufficient academic staff affect students’ academic achievement at the University of Buea.

The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis of academic performance indicators such as GPA and exam scores, with qualitative data collected from interviews and focus groups with students, lecturers, and university administrators. Statistical analyses are used to compare academic performance across different faculties and departments with varying student-teacher ratios. The qualitative component provides insight into how these ratios impact student engagement, access to academic support, and overall learning experiences.

Preliminary findings suggest that high student-teacher ratios are negatively correlated with academic performance. Students in faculties with high enrollment and fewer instructors often experience limited access to personalized instruction, feedback, and academic mentoring. Overcrowded lecture halls also contribute to reduced participation and interaction in class, making it difficult for students to fully grasp course material. Additionally, lecturers facing overwhelming workloads are less able to provide individualized attention, further hindering student progress.

The research also identifies strategies used by both students and faculty to cope with large class sizes, such as peer tutoring, group study sessions, and the use of digital resources. However, these efforts are often insufficient to fully address the challenges posed by high student-teacher ratios.

The study concludes that lowering student-teacher ratios at the University of Buea is essential to improving academic performance and educational quality. Recommendations include hiring more academic staff, investing in infrastructure to accommodate larger student bodies, and incorporating more technology-based learning tools to supplement in-person instruction. Addressing the student-teacher ratio issue is crucial for ensuring that students receive the support they need to excel academically and for maintaining the university’s academic standards.

Keywords: Student-teacher ratio, academic performance, public universities, University of Buea, Cameroon, educational quality, higher education, classroom overcrowding.