Abstract

Foot ulcers are a common and severe complication among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), often leading to significant morbidity and, in severe cases, amputations. Proper foot care is a crucial preventive measure, yet its influence on the development of foot ulcers in diabetic patients is not well understood in many low-resource settings. This study investigates the influence of foot care practices on the development of foot ulcers among T2DM patients attending clinics in Buea Municipality, Cameroon.

A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 250 T2DM patients who regularly attended diabetes clinics within Buea Municipality. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and clinical foot examinations. The questionnaire assessed patients’ foot care practices, including daily foot inspections, proper footwear usage, nail care, and moisture control. The clinical examination focused on the presence of foot ulcers, calluses, and other predisposing factors for ulcer development.

The findings indicate that 60% of the participants were aware of the importance of foot care in preventing complications, but only 45% reported practicing regular foot care. Among the respondents, 25% had developed foot ulcers, with a higher prevalence observed in patients who did not adhere to recommended foot care practices. The study found a significant correlation between inadequate foot care and the development of foot ulcers, with poor nail care, inappropriate footwear, and infrequent foot inspections being the most common factors associated with ulcer formation.

Patients who practiced regular foot care, including daily inspections and proper nail care, had a significantly lower incidence of foot ulcers. Conversely, those who failed to perform these preventive measures were at a higher risk of developing ulcers, particularly in the presence of other risk factors such as peripheral neuropathy and poor glycemic control.

The study also highlights the role of patient education in promoting proper foot care practices. Patients who received regular counseling from healthcare providers were more likely to engage in effective foot care practices, thereby reducing their risk of developing foot ulcers. However, barriers such as lack of knowledge, financial constraints, and inadequate access to appropriate footwear were identified as significant challenges.

In conclusion, this study underscores the critical role of proper foot care in preventing foot ulcers among T2DM patients in Buea Municipality. The findings suggest that enhancing patient education on foot care, improving access to appropriate footwear, and regular monitoring by healthcare providers are essential strategies to reduce the burden of foot ulcers. Addressing these factors can significantly improve the quality of life for diabetic patients and reduce the risk of severe complications.

Keywords

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, foot care, foot ulcers, prevention, Buea Municipality, patient education, peripheral neuropathy, glycemic control.