Abstract

This study examines the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of family planning among women attending the Family Planning Unit at the Buea Regional Hospital in Cameroon. Family planning is crucial for improving maternal and child health, reducing unintended pregnancies, and promoting economic stability in families. However, its uptake remains low due to various sociocultural and informational barriers. Understanding the KAP of women regarding family planning is essential for developing effective interventions tailored to their needs.

A cross-sectional design was employed, involving a structured questionnaire administered to  women attending the Family Planning Unit. The questionnaire assessed their knowledge of family planning methods, attitudes toward its use, and personal practices. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify trends and factors associated with family planning knowledge, attitudes, and practices.

Findings revealed that the majority of women (80%) had heard about family planning methods, with contraceptive pills, implants, and injectables being the most recognized. However, only 60% demonstrated accurate knowledge about specific methods and their benefits. Misconceptions about side effects, such as weight gain and infertility, were common and negatively impacted attitudes. Around 50% of participants expressed reservations, viewing family planning as contrary to cultural beliefs or religious values. Positive attitudes were linked to educational level and previous family planning counseling.

Despite moderate levels of knowledge and generally positive attitudes, only 45% of women were actively practicing family planning. Women cited barriers including limited partner support, fear of side effects, and lack of accessibility to preferred methods. Notably, younger women and those with higher education levels were more likely to use modern contraceptive methods. Partner involvement emerged as a key factor influencing the decision to practice family planning, with 70% of users reporting spousal support.

The study concludes that while awareness of family planning is relatively high, misconceptions and sociocultural attitudes limit effective practice. To address these gaps, the study recommends targeted health education that includes couples counseling to foster spousal support and address cultural concerns. Healthcare providers should be trained to dispel myths and provide clear information on the benefits and side effects of family planning. Improving accessibility to affordable and varied contraceptive methods is essential for empowering women to make informed decisions.

Keywords: family planning, knowledge, attitudes, practices, contraceptives, women, Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon