Abstract

Hypertension is a major public health issue requiring effective management through both knowledge and adherence to prescribed therapy. This study evaluates the knowledge of hypertension and the compliance with antihypertensive therapy among patients in the Bamenda Health District of Cameroon, aiming to understand how knowledge influences treatment adherence and identify areas for intervention.

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 350 hypertensive patients attending healthcare facilities in the Bamenda Health District. Data were collected through structured questionnaires that assessed patients’ knowledge about hypertension, including its causes, risk factors, and the importance of adherence to therapy. Compliance with antihypertensive medication was measured using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), and clinical records were reviewed to corroborate self-reported adherence.

The findings indicated that 65% of participants had a good understanding of hypertension, recognizing its risk factors and the need for long-term treatment. However, despite this knowledge, only 55% of patients demonstrated high compliance with their antihypertensive therapy. Factors influencing adherence included understanding of medication regimens, perceived effectiveness of the treatment, and frequency of medication side effects.

Patients with higher levels of knowledge about hypertension were more likely to comply with therapy, with a 25% higher adherence rate compared to those with limited understanding. However, knowledge alone was not sufficient to ensure high adherence. Barriers to compliance included financial constraints (reported by 40% of patients), side effects (30%), and forgetfulness (20%). Additionally, 35% of patients reported difficulties in accessing medications and healthcare services, which impacted their adherence.

Healthcare provider factors also played a significant role. Patients who received comprehensive education and regular follow-ups from healthcare providers had better adherence rates. Those who perceived their healthcare providers as supportive and informative were more likely to adhere to their prescribed regimens.

In conclusion, while knowledge about hypertension among patients in the Bamenda Health District is relatively high, there is a notable gap between knowledge and adherence to therapy. Addressing barriers such as financial difficulties, side effects, and access to medication through targeted interventions and improved patient education could enhance therapy compliance. Strengthening the role of healthcare providers in delivering continuous support and education is crucial for improving adherence and overall hypertension management.

Keywords

Hypertension, medication compliance, Bamenda Health District, patient knowledge, antihypertensive therapy, adherence barriers, healthcare education.