CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Stroke is a major global health concern, ranking as the second leading cause of death and a significant cause of long-term disability worldwide [1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately 15 million people suffer from a stroke each year, with about 5 million resulting in death and another 5 million left with permanent disabilities [2]. The burden of stroke continues to rise, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where awareness and preventive measures remain inadequate. Despite advances in medical interventions, knowledge of stroke risk factors and prevention remains a critical component in reducing its prevalence.

In Africa, stroke incidence has been increasing over the past few decades due to epidemiological transitions, including lifestyle changes, urbanization, and an increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) [3]. Studies indicate that hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and unhealthy diets are among the leading risk factors for stroke in African populations [4]. However, knowledge and awareness of these risk factors and preventive measures remain suboptimal among the general population, including healthcare students, who are the future caregivers and educators on stroke prevention [5]. Nursing students, in particular, play a vital role in early detection, patient education, and management of stroke, making their knowledge of stroke prevention crucial.

In Cameroon, stroke has emerged as a public health challenge, with reports indicating a rising prevalence among both urban and rural populations [6]. The high burden of hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, coupled with low levels of awareness, contributes to the increasing incidence of stroke [7]. Research in Cameroon suggests that many healthcare students have limited knowledge of stroke risk factors and preventive strategies, which may affect their ability to educate patients effectively [8]. Given the importance of nursing students in stroke management and prevention, assessing their knowledge and awareness is necessary for strengthening training programs and improving patient outcomes.

Limbe, a coastal city in the South West Region of Cameroon, is not exempt from the stroke burden. Factors such as high salt intake, physical inactivity, and a growing prevalence of hypertension have been noted as key contributors to the rising incidence of stroke in the region [9]. However, limited research has been conducted to assess the level of knowledge about stroke risk factors and prevention among nursing students in Limbe. Evaluating their awareness is essential in developing targeted interventions to improve stroke prevention strategies within healthcare training institutions.

This study aims to assess the knowledge of stroke risk factors and prevention among nursing students, with a focus on their understanding of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, preventive measures, and their role in stroke education. By identifying gaps in knowledge, the findings of this study will contribute to enhancing nursing education and public health efforts in stroke prevention.

1.2 Statement of the problem

Stroke remains a major public health concern globally, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality.[1] According to the World Health Organization (WHO), stroke is the second leading cause of death and a primary cause of disability worldwide [2]. Despite advancements in medical interventions and awareness campaigns, many individuals, including healthcare professionals, lack adequate knowledge about stroke risk factors and prevention strategies [10]. In Cameroon, stroke incidence is rising, largely due to modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity [11].Nursing students, as future healthcare providers, play a crucial role in stroke prevention and management. Their knowledge and attitudes toward stroke risk factors and preventive measures can influence public health outcomes. However, limited research has assessed the level of awareness among nursing students in Cameroon, particularly in Limbe. Previous studies in other regions have shown gaps in knowledge regarding stroke symptoms, risk factors, and prevention strategies among nursing students [12]. If nursing students are inadequately informed, this may hinder their ability to educate patients and implement effective preventive measures in clinical settings.

Given the increasing burden of stroke in Cameroon and the critical role of nurses in health promotion, there is a need to evaluate nursing students’ knowledge of stroke risk factors and prevention strategies. Understanding their level of awareness can help identify gaps in training and curriculum, ultimately improving stroke prevention efforts in the country. This study aims to assess the knowledge of nursing students in Limbe regarding stroke risk factors and prevention, providing valuable insights for enhancing nursing education and public health interventions.

1.3  Research Questions

1. What is the knowledge on the risk factors of stroke among nursing students of A&H School of Health Management Limbe?
2. What is the knowledge on the prevention of stroke among nursing students of A&H School of Health Management Limbe?

1.4 Research Objectives

1.4.1 General Objective

To assess the knowledge on the risk factors and prevention of stroke among nursing students of A&H School of Health Management Limbe

1.4.2 Specific objectives

1.To assess the knowledge on the risk factors of stroke among nursing students of A&H School of Health Management Limbe.

2. To assess the knowledge on the prevention of stroke among nursing students of A&H School of Health Management Limbe.