ABSTRACT

This study examines the challenges and coping strategies related to portable water shortages affecting households in Bomaka, a community within Buea Municipality, South West Region of Cameroon. Access to clean and safe drinking water is a fundamental human need, yet many communities face significant challenges in securing this vital resource.

Water shortages have profound impacts on households, influencing health, daily routines, and overall quality of life. In Bomaka, frequent water shortages have exacerbated existing issues related to water access and management. This study aims to understand the extent of these challenges and identify the strategies that households employ to cope with water scarcity.

Challenges associated with water shortages include health risks from using unsafe water sources, increased time and effort spent on water collection, and the financial burden of purchasing water from alternative sources. Waterborne diseases, such as cholera and dysentery, are a particular concern, as inadequate sanitation and hygiene practices can lead to outbreaks. Additionally, the physical strain of fetching water, often from distant sources, disproportionately affects women and children.

To explore these issues, the study employed a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data was collected through structured surveys administered to households in Bomaka. These surveys assessed the frequency and duration of water shortages, the sources of water used, and the associated health impacts. Qualitative data was gathered through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with residents to gain a deeper understanding of their experiences and coping mechanisms.

Findings reveal that water shortages in Bomaka are frequent and severe, with households often relying on unsafe water sources during shortages. Many residents reported experiencing gastrointestinal illnesses, which they attribute to contaminated water. The financial cost of purchasing water from vendors adds another layer of difficulty for low-income households.

Coping strategies identified in the study include the use of water purification methods, such as boiling or filtering, and the establishment of communal water collection points. Some households also invest in water storage tanks to mitigate the impact of shortages. Additionally, community-based initiatives, such as local water management committees, are working to address the issue by advocating for improved infrastructure and coordinating with local authorities to enhance water supply systems.

The study underscores the urgent need for improved water infrastructure and policy interventions to address the root causes of water shortages in Bomaka. Investing in sustainable water supply solutions, enhancing community awareness about water conservation, and strengthening local governance related to water management are crucial steps toward alleviating the challenges faced by households.

In conclusion, the impact of portable water shortages on households in Bomaka is significant, with serious implications for health and daily life. Effective coping strategies are in place but are insufficient to fully address the problem. A comprehensive approach involving improved infrastructure, community engagement, and policy support is essential for ensuring a reliable and safe water supply for the residents of Bomaka.

Keywords: Portable water shortages, household challenges, coping strategies, Bomaka, Buea Municipality, water access, waterborne diseases, water infrastructure.