Abstract

Perineal tears and episiotomies are common birth-related complications with significant implications for maternal health. This study examines the prevalence of perineal tears and episiotomies among women delivering at the Bota District Hospital in Limbe, Cameroon, and explores associated risk factors. Understanding these factors is essential for improving childbirth outcomes and minimizing complications during labor and delivery.

A cross-sectional study design was employed, collecting data from  women who had recently delivered at Bota District Hospital. Information was gathered on demographic characteristics, delivery type, fetal weight, maternal age, and history of prior deliveries. Additionally, clinical data were reviewed to determine the prevalence of perineal tears and episiotomies and to identify potential predictors.

The analysis reveals a prevalence rate of perineal tears and episiotomies of approximately 34%. Factors associated with an increased risk of perineal tears include younger maternal age, first-time childbirth, and large fetal weight. Episiotomies were most commonly performed on primigravidae (first-time mothers) and in cases where instrumental delivery was involved. Younger maternal age (under 25) and delivery of large babies (above 3.5 kg) were strong predictors for both perineal tear and episiotomy. Additionally, prolonged labor and the use of instrumental assistance, such as forceps or vacuum, were significantly correlated with an increased incidence of episiotomy.

The study concludes that younger maternal age, primiparity, large fetal size, prolonged labor, and instrumental delivery contribute to the risk of perineal trauma. Reducing the prevalence of episiotomies and perineal tears may be achieved through the adoption of evidence-based delivery practices, such as promoting controlled pushing techniques, use of perineal massage, and selecting episiotomy only when clinically necessary. These findings underscore the need for enhanced training for healthcare providers to manage labor effectively and to implement preventive measures tailored to each patient’s specific risk factors.

Keywords: Perineal tear, episiotomy, childbirth, risk factors, maternal health, Bota District Hospital, Limbe, Cameroon.