Abstract

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that significantly affects the quality of life of individuals, with potentially severe complications if not adequately managed. This study investigates the prevalence and severity of asthma-related breathing complications among residents of Yaoundé, the capital city of Cameroon. The research aims to provide an updated epidemiological profile of asthma in the region, focusing on the frequency, intensity, and factors contributing to breathing difficulties among asthma patients.

A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 300 individuals diagnosed with asthma, who were selected from various healthcare facilities across Yaoundé. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and clinical assessments, which included spirometry tests to evaluate lung function. The study also analyzed medical records to determine the frequency of hospital admissions due to asthma exacerbations and associated breathing complications.

The results indicate that the prevalence of asthma in Yaoundé is approximately 12%, with a notable increase in cases among young adults aged 20-35 years. Breathing complications, such as shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness, were reported by 80% of the participants, with varying degrees of severity. Among these, 45% experienced moderate symptoms, while 30% reported severe complications that frequently led to emergency hospital visits. The study identified several factors contributing to the exacerbation of asthma-related breathing difficulties, including exposure to environmental pollutants, inadequate access to asthma medications, and lack of adherence to prescribed treatment plans.

The study also highlights the role of socioeconomic factors in the management and control of asthma. Patients from lower-income households were more likely to experience severe complications due to delayed access to healthcare and a higher likelihood of living in areas with poor air quality. Additionally, the study found that a significant number of asthma patients lacked proper education on managing their condition, which further exacerbated their breathing complications.

In conclusion, the prevalence and severity of asthma-related breathing complications in Yaoundé are concerning, particularly among young adults and lower-income groups. The findings underscore the need for public health interventions focused on improving asthma education, enhancing access to quality healthcare, and reducing environmental triggers in the city. Addressing these issues is critical to reducing the burden of asthma and improving the overall respiratory health of the population.

Keywords

Asthma, prevalence, severity, breathing complications, Yaoundé, respiratory health, environmental pollutants, healthcare access, socioeconomic factors.