Abstract

Malnutrition and anemia are critical public health issues that can have severe consequences for the health and development of young children, particularly in conflict-affected areas. This study investigates the prevalence of malnutrition and anemia among children aged five years and younger in select conflict-hit areas of Fako Division, South West Region of Cameroon. Understanding the extent of these conditions and their contributing factors is essential for implementing effective health interventions in these vulnerable communities.

A cross-sectional study was conducted involving children under five years of age in several conflict-affected areas of Fako Division. Data were collected through clinical assessments, including measurements of height, weight, and hemoglobin levels, to determine the prevalence of malnutrition (stunting, wasting, and underweight) and anemia. Additionally, dietary surveys and caregiver interviews were used to identify potential contributing factors, such as food insecurity, inadequate access to healthcare, and the impacts of ongoing conflict on nutritional status.

The findings indicate a high prevalence of both malnutrition and anemia among the children studied. Stunting and wasting rates were notably elevated, reflecting chronic and acute malnutrition, respectively. Anemia prevalence was also high, with a significant proportion of children presenting with low hemoglobin levels. Contributing factors included severe food insecurity, limited access to healthcare services, and the disruption of normal health and nutrition services due to the ongoing conflict. The study also highlighted the detrimental effects of these conditions on children’s physical growth, cognitive development, and overall health.

The study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to address malnutrition and anemia in conflict-affected areas of Fako Division. It recommends the implementation of emergency nutrition programs, including food assistance and supplementation, and the strengthening of healthcare services to ensure timely treatment of anemia and other related conditions. Additionally, community-based education programs should focus on improving dietary practices and raising awareness about the importance of early detection and management of malnutrition and anemia. Addressing these issues is crucial for enhancing the health and development of young children in these challenging environments.

Keywords: Malnutrition, Anemia, Children, Fako Division, Conflict Areas, South West Cameroon, Prevalence, Public Health.