ABSTRACT

Access to safe drinking water remains a significant challenge for urban poor communities in Buea, Cameroon. This study examines the available options for safe drinking water in two urban poor areas: Bokwango and Soppo. The study investigates the primary water sources, challenges in accessing safe drinking water, and possible solutions to ensure sustainable water supply. The urban poor in these communities face issues like unreliable water services, contamination, and high costs, which limit their access to clean water. These challenges are exacerbated by population growth and climate change, putting additional strain on already scarce water resources.

Data for the study were collected through surveys and interviews with residents of Bokwango and Soppo, as well as local authorities. The findings indicate that the majority of households rely on water from community wells, rivers, and public taps, all of which present varying degrees of contamination risks. Water from these sources often requires further treatment, but due to financial constraints and lack of education, many residents fail to adopt proper purification practices. Additionally, frequent water shortages force residents to turn to unsafe alternatives, increasing the prevalence of waterborne diseases.

The research also highlights that while there are some government and non-governmental initiatives aimed at improving water access, they remain insufficient. Many of these efforts are focused on providing infrastructure without addressing affordability and proper maintenance. As a result, the urban poor continue to struggle with obtaining reliable access to safe drinking water.

Proposed solutions include rainwater harvesting, community-managed water kiosks, and low-cost filtration technologies. Rainwater harvesting, although dependent on seasonal rainfall, could offer an affordable option for households. Community water kiosks, where treated water can be sold at subsidized rates, could also improve access for the urban poor. Furthermore, increasing awareness of simple, cost-effective water treatment methods such as boiling, solar disinfection, and the use of chlorine tablets could help reduce waterborne diseases.

In conclusion, addressing the water needs of the urban poor in Bokwango and Soppo requires a multifaceted approach. Solutions must not only focus on providing infrastructure but also on affordability, maintenance, and education. Collaborative efforts between the government, NGOs, and the community will be crucial in ensuring sustainable access to safe drinking water for these vulnerable populations.

Keywords: Safe drinking water, urban poor, Buea, Bokwango, Soppo, water contamination, rainwater harvesting, waterborne diseases, affordable water solutions.