Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a significant public health challenge in Cameroon, with its prevalence often influenced by environmental and seasonal factors. This study investigates the seasonal variation and prevalence of tuberculosis among health seekers in Bamenda, Cameroon. Understanding how TB cases fluctuate with seasonal changes is crucial for improving TB control strategies and ensuring effective resource allocation in healthcare settings.

A retrospective analysis was conducted using TB case records from various healthcare facilities in Bamenda over a five-year period. The data were categorized by month and season to identify patterns in TB diagnosis rates throughout the year. The study also examined patient demographics, socio-economic status, and environmental conditions to determine their influence on seasonal variations in TB prevalence.

The findings indicate a clear seasonal variation in TB prevalence, with an increase in cases during the dry season compared to the rainy season. This pattern may be linked to factors such as increased indoor crowding during the dry season, which facilitates the transmission of the TB bacteria. Additionally, seasonal changes in nutritional status and overall health could affect individuals’ susceptibility to TB, contributing to the observed variation. The study also highlights that certain demographic groups, including males and individuals from lower socio-economic backgrounds, are more vulnerable to TB, suggesting a need for targeted public health interventions.

The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating seasonal factors into TB control efforts in Bamenda. It recommends that healthcare providers and public health authorities intensify TB surveillance and prevention measures during peak seasons, particularly in high-risk populations. Additionally, the study advocates for continuous public health education on TB prevention and the importance of seeking timely medical care, regardless of the season. Addressing the seasonal variation in TB prevalence is essential for reducing the overall burden of the disease and improving health outcomes in Bamenda, Cameroon.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, Seasonal Variation, Prevalence, Health Seekers, Bamenda, Cameroon, Public Health, Disease Control.