THE EFFECT OF RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS ON FOOD SECURITY IN TUBAH SUB-DIVISION (NORTH WEST REGION, CAMEROON)

ABSTRACT

This study explores the effect of rainfall and temperature variations on food security in the Tubah Sub-Division of the North West Region, Cameroon. Changes in weather patterns, particularly rainfall and temperature, significantly affect agricultural productivity, which in turn impacts food security. The main objective of this research is to assess how fluctuations in these climatic factors influence food availability, access, and utilization in Tubah Sub-Division.

Data for the study were collected through a combination of methods, including meteorological data analysis, interviews with farmers, and field surveys. The findings highlight a strong correlation between erratic rainfall patterns, rising temperatures, and declining agricultural yields in the region. Irregular rainfall, particularly the late onset of rains and prolonged dry spells, has negatively affected the planting and harvesting cycles of staple crops such as maize, beans, and potatoes, which are key food sources in the area. Temperature increases have further exacerbated the situation by reducing soil moisture levels and contributing to crop failures.

The study also reveals that these climatic changes have led to reduced food availability, with many households reporting food shortages and higher food prices. This has had a direct impact on food access, as many low-income families struggle to afford sufficient and nutritious food. Malnutrition rates have also increased, particularly among children, as the availability of diverse and nutrient-rich food has decreased.

Farmers in the Tubah Sub-Division have employed various coping strategies to deal with the negative effects of climate variability. These strategies include shifting planting dates, diversifying crops, and adopting drought-resistant crop varieties. However, these adaptations have not been sufficient to fully mitigate the adverse effects of changing weather patterns.

In conclusion, the study establishes that rainfall and temperature variations pose a significant threat to food security in Tubah Sub-Division. To ensure long-term food security, there is a need for increased investment in climate-resilient agriculture, better weather forecasting, and the promotion of sustainable farming practices. Policies aimed at supporting smallholder farmers, who are most vulnerable to climate change, will be crucial in addressing the challenges posed by climate variability.

Keywords: Rainfall variations, temperature changes, food security, Tubah Sub-Division, agriculture, climate change, adaptation strategies.