Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the impact of the home environment on students’ performance in secondary schools in the Buea Municipality, South West Region of Cameroon. Three research objectives and corresponding questions were formulated to guide the study. The researcher conducted a literature review, including a conceptual and theoretical review, utilizing the ecological system of development and the Belsky Process Model.

A survey research design was adopted, and the simple random sampling technique was employed to select participants from two secondary schools in the Buea Sub-Division. Data collection was done using a 17-item closed-ended questionnaire developed by the researcher. The collected data was analyzed using percentages, graphs, and tables to address the research questions.

The study’s results revealed that parenting styles, parents’ level of education, and socioeconomic status significantly influence students’ academic performance in the Buea Municipality. Based on these findings, the researcher provided recommendations such as subsidizing school fees and prices of basic school needs, creating job opportunities for parents, and fostering strong relationships between school authorities and parents through a stable parent-teacher association.

Chapter One: Introduction

Background of the Study

Education plays a crucial role in the economic and social development of any nation. The home environment, as the primary agent of education, has a tremendous impact on students’ academic performance. Factors such as parenting styles, family socioeconomic status, and parents’ level of education can influence a student’s achievement in school. The quality of the home environment, including lifestyle, food, and family support, can shape a student’s academic success.

Studies have shown that a supportive home environment, including a quiet time and place for homework and parental involvement, positively correlates with academic performance. Conversely, negative factors such as poverty, single parenting, and stress in the home can hinder academic achievement. Therefore, understanding the influence of the home environment on students’ performance is crucial for improving educational outcomes.

Statement of the Problem

Despite the recognition of the home environment’s importance, there is limited attention given to various aspects of the home environment, such as parenting styles, parents’ occupation, and socioeconomic status, and their impact on students’ academic performance. This research aims to address this gap by examining the influence of the home environment on students’ performance.

Objective of the Study

The general objective of this study is to explore the extent to which home factors affect students’ performance at school. The specific research objectives are:

1. To examine how parenting styles affect students’ academic performance.
2. To assess the impact of parents’ level of education on students’ academic performance.
3. To investigate the relationship between family socioeconomic status and students’ academic performance.

Research Questions

To achieve the study objectives, the following research questions were formulated:

1. How do parenting styles influence students’ academic performance?
2. In what ways does parents’ occupation affect students’ academic performance?
3. How does family socioeconomic status impact students’ academic performance?

By addressing these research questions, this study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the role of the home environment in students’ academic success.