ABSTRACT

This research explores the influence of the mother tongue, Akoose, on the English language, with a particular focus on pronunciation. The study employed interviews and questionnaires, which consistently revealed that the mother tongue significantly impacts not only English pronunciation but also accent and grammar. The theoretical framework of interference or code-mixing, illustrating how languages in contact mutually influence each other, underpins this research. In summary, all research instruments and techniques employed in this study demonstrated that the Akoose mother tongue has a substantial influence on English language pronunciation.

CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Introduction

Language, as Wittgenstein (1987) suggests, is a defining characteristic of human existence and distinguishes us from all other life forms on Earth. It is an inherent part of being human and shapes our thinking, communication, and way of life. The study of language is inherently linked to the study of life itself. Anthropologists have frequently explored the connection between language and culture, as languages play a vital role in shaping and reflecting cultural identity.

The Akoose language, spoken in the South West Region of Cameroon, is not an exception to language influence. The Akoose language consists of various subgroups with similar dialects, which will be further elucidated in this research.

Background to the Study Area

Geographical Background: The Bakossi tribe is primarily located in the Tombel, Bangem, and parts of the Nguti Subdivisions of the Kupe-Muanenguba Division in the South West Region. Additionally, they extend into parts of the Mungo Division. The region’s topography features sustaining mountains, including Mount Kupe (2,050 meters) and Mount Muanenguba (2,396 meters), both of volcanic origin. The area has an equatorial climate, characterized by dense forests and fertile soils, with an average relative humidity of 80%. The region is known for its irregular relief, comprising highlands, lowlands, plains, deep valleys, and caves. Its hydrography includes rivers, streams, and lakes.

Historical Background

The Bakossi tribe, speakers of the Akoose language, possess various oral traditions that reflect their history. According to these traditions, the Bakossi people are believed to have been founded by a man named Ngoe and his wife, Sumediang. Their children later founded the various clans within the Kupe-Muanenguba Division.

As stated by Koge (1986), the Muanenguba region served as the initial dense settlement area for all Bakossi people and their relatives. This historical context will be explored further in the research.

Statement of the Problem

The first language a child learns, comprehends, and communicates with is their mother tongue. The mother tongue, or LI (Language of Inheritance), profoundly influences the acquisition of other languages. Several ethnic groups, such as the Ejagham, Larnso, Kumbo, Banso people, among others, exhibit the significant influence of their mother tongues on their pronunciation, speaking, and spelling of the English language. The Bakossi people, who speak Akoose, are no exception to this phenomenon. Thus, this research aims to assess the extent to which the Akoose language influences the pronunciation and spoken English of Bakossi speakers.

Hypotheses

This study operates under the following hypotheses:

1. The mother tongue (Akoose) significantly influences the manner in which Bakossi people speak the English language.

Objectives/Aims of the Study

Aligned with the research problem, the primary aim of this study is to examine the influence of the mother tongue, Akoose, on English language pronunciation among the Bakossi-speaking population of Cameroon. Specific objectives include:

• Investigating the sounds of letters commonly pronounced when speaking Akoose.
• Identifying the difficulties encountered when speaking English.
• Proposing solutions to improve English language pronunciation.
• Analyzing how specific letters influence pronunciation, spelling, and written English.

Scope/Delimitation of the Study

This study focuses on the Bakossi-speaking population of the South West Region of Cameroon, particularly in Bangem, to investigate the influence of the mother tongue (Akoose) on English language pronunciation. It is restricted to examining the English language proficiency of Bakossi speakers in the context of pronunciation.

Significance/Importance of the Study

This research holds significance for both the researcher and the Bakossi community. For the researcher, it provides an opportunity to understand how the Akoose language influences English language pronunciation and to offer remedies to address pronunciation issues. Additionally, it offers Bakossi speakers the chance to learn the correct pronunciation of words, thereby enhancing their language skills.

Purpose of the Study

The primary purpose of this study is to investigate how the mother tongue, Akoose, influences English language pronunciation. This research is conducted as a requirement for the award of a Bachelor of Arts (B.A) degree in English Language.