ABSTRACT

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) plays a crucial role in maintaining international peace and security. This study evaluates the role of the UNSC in addressing the crisis in Mali. Using doctrinal research methods, the study examines the legal framework guiding the UNSC’s actions, focusing on the resolutions passed in response to the escalating conflict in Mali. The aim is to assess the effectiveness of the UNSC’s interventions in restoring stability and protecting civilians. Specifically, the study explores the creation and mandate of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), which was established under UNSC Resolution 2100 in 2013.

The study first outlines the background of the conflict in Mali, including the 2012 rebellion and the subsequent rise of armed extremist groups. It highlights the UNSC’s role in deploying MINUSMA, which was tasked with stabilizing key areas, protecting civilians, supporting the re-establishment of state authority, and promoting human rights. The research examines how the UNSC has responded to the evolving situation, especially as MINUSMA transitioned from traditional peacekeeping to more complex stabilization efforts involving counter-terrorism operations. Through a critical analysis of UNSC resolutions and their implementation, the study evaluates the Council’s success in maintaining peace in a region marked by continuous violence, terrorism, and political instability.

Challenges faced by the UNSC in Mali include insufficient resources, the complex nature of the conflict, and the need to coordinate with other regional and international actors. This study assesses how these factors have affected the mission’s ability to achieve its objectives. It also analyzes the extent to which the UNSC has fulfilled its mandate under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, which allows for measures ranging from sanctions to the use of force in the pursuit of peace.

The study concludes by identifying key lessons from the UNSC’s involvement in Mali. It emphasizes the need for better coordination between the UNSC and regional bodies like the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to enhance the effectiveness of peace operations. The study also recommends that the UNSC provide more robust support to MINUSMA, particularly in terms of logistical and financial resources, to ensure long-term stability in Mali. By reinforcing these areas, the UNSC can better fulfill its role in maintaining international peace and security.

Keywords: United Nations Security Council, Mali, MINUSMA, international peace, stabilization, counter-terrorism, Chapter VII, African Union, ECOWAS.