Abstract

This study examines the spatial distribution of the road network and its impact on the spatial distribution of commercial activities in the Buea municipality, located in the South West Region of Cameroon. The road network is a critical determinant of urban growth and development, facilitating the movement of goods, people, and services. The quality, accessibility, and connectivity of road infrastructure significantly influence where businesses and other commercial activities are located. This research aims to investigate how the road network in Buea influences the spatial concentration of commercial activities, focusing on key areas within the municipality.

A mixed-methods approach was used, combining geographic information system (GIS) mapping, surveys of 150 businesses, and interviews with local planning authorities. GIS mapping was employed to analyze the road network’s distribution and connectivity, identifying major arteries and secondary roads. Commercial density was then overlaid onto these maps to examine correlations between road accessibility and the location of businesses. Areas such as Molyko, Mile 17, and Buea Town, which are known for their commercial vibrancy, were compared to less developed areas in terms of road infrastructure and commercial activity.

The results reveal that road infrastructure in Buea is unevenly distributed, with better road networks concentrated in central and more economically vibrant areas like Molyko and Mile 17. These areas have the highest concentration of businesses, ranging from retail shops to restaurants, banks, and service providers. In contrast, areas with poor road networks, such as Bokwai and Bokova, have fewer commercial activities, indicating that road accessibility plays a significant role in determining the spatial distribution of businesses. The study also found that businesses located along major roads experience higher customer traffic and profits due to ease of access, further solidifying the link between road infrastructure and commercial success.

Moreover, poor road conditions in some parts of Buea hinder business expansion, as transportation costs and delivery delays negatively impact the efficiency of goods and services. In areas with inadequate road networks, businesses struggle to attract customers, particularly those from other parts of the municipality, due to difficult access. The lack of proper drainage, street lighting, and road maintenance in these areas exacerbates the situation, discouraging the establishment of new businesses and limiting economic growth.

The research concludes that the spatial distribution of commercial activities in Buea is strongly influenced by the road network’s quality and accessibility. To promote balanced urban development, local authorities must improve road infrastructure in less developed areas, which will encourage business growth and economic activity. The study recommends that road upgrading projects prioritize connectivity between commercial hubs and underserved areas. Additionally, urban planners should consider the integration of road infrastructure into long-term development plans to ensure equitable access to commercial opportunities throughout the municipality.

Improving the road network across Buea will not only enhance the spatial distribution of commercial activities but also foster a more dynamic and economically inclusive urban environment.

Keywords: road network, spatial distribution, commercial activities, Buea municipality, GIS mapping, urban development, Cameroon, road infrastructure, economic growth.