Menu Close

2.1 INTODUCTION

This section of the work examines the existing Legal framework to curb cyber criminality. It consist of the Legal, Institutional and policy frameworks.

2.2. THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK

2.2.1 UN General Assembly Resolution 55/63

On the 22 of January 2001, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution on combating the criminal misuse of information technologies. In its resolution, the General Assembly identified a number of measures to prevent the misuse of information technology, including the obligation of states to: Ensure that their laws and practice eliminate safe havens for those who criminally misuse information technologies; Ensure law enforcement cooperation in the investigation and prosecution of international cases of criminal misuse of information technologies should be coordinated among all concerned States.

2.2.2 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child contains is an international legal instrument aiming to protect children. It does not define child pornography, nor does it contain provisions that harmonize the criminalization of the distribution of online child pornography. However, Article 34 calls upon Member States to prevent the exploitative use of children in pornographic performances. State parties to the convention therefore have a legal obligation to protect children within their territories from this repulsive form of cyber crime.

2.2.3  African Union Convention On Cyber Security And Personal Data Protection

During the 2009 conference of African Union Ministers in charge of Communication and Information Technologies, held in Johannesburg, South Africa, the ministers discussed various issues relating to the increasing use of ICT in the African continent.

It was decided, inter alia, that the African Union Commission should – jointly with the UN Economic Commission for Africa – develop a legal framework for African countries that addresses issues like electronic transactions, cyber security and data protection. In 2011, the African Union presented the Draft African Union Convention on the Establishment of a Credible Legal Framework for Cyber Security in Africa[1]. The objectives of the drafters was to strengthen existing legislation in Member States regarding cybercrime, cybersecurity and Information and Communication Technologies.

The mandate that was not limited to cybercrime, but also included other information society issues such as data protection and electronic transactions- The Convention is more comprehensive than most other regional approaches. It contains four parts. Part 1 relates to electronic commerce. It addresses various aspects such as contractual responsibility of an electronic provider of goods and services, treaty obligations in electronic form and security of electronic transactions. The second part deals with data protection issues. The third part deals with combating cybercrime. Section 1 contains five chapters. This includes a set of six definitions (electronic communication, computerized data, racism and xenophobia in ICTs, minor, child pornography and computer system).

2.2.4   Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography

The Optional Protocol not only addresses the issue of child pornography in general, but also explicitly refers to the role of the Internet in distributing such material. Child pornography is defined as any representation, by whatever means, of a child engaged in real or simulated explicit sexual activities or any representation of the sexual parts of a child for primarily sexual purposes[2].

2.2.5 Convention on Cyber Crime Treaty in 1997

The Council of Europe (CoE), an organization of 47 European countries, appointed a Committee of Experts on Crime in Cyberspace to identify and define new crimes, jurisdictional rights and criminal liabilities concerning the Internet. Canada, Japan, South Africa and the U.S. were also invited to participate in the discussions as observer nations. The goal was to create a set of standard laws concerning cybercrimes for the global community and create a common criminal policy to protect against cyber-crimes. The country representatives sought to make it easier for law enforcement to cooperate in collecting evidence in investigating computer crimes[3]. The resulting Convention on Cyber-crime of the CoE was passed in June 2001 and is currently the only global document on this issue[4]. The document attempts to define cyber-crimes and to develop policies to prevent particular crimes committed with use of the internet. The treaty includes provisions geared toward fighting terrorism, child sexual exploitation, organized crime, copyright infringement, hacking, and internet fraud. The Convention also acts as a framework for international cooperation between countries in investigating and prosecuting possible cyber-crimes. Other portions of the treaty include descriptions of extradition procedures.

2.3 THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

No comparable legislation and they are relatively safe from prosecution.[5]

2.3.1 United Nations Organization

The United Nations, especially through the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) released a number of resolutions related to this subject. In 2001, the United Nations through the General Assembly approved a resolution (A/RES/55/63) addressing cybercrime, called “Combating the criminal misuse of information technologies”. This resolution stressed the role countries should play domestically in eliminating safe havens for those who criminally misuse information technologies. Besides, it remarked how such transnational issues must be investigated and prosecuted by all concerned States in a coordinated way. Since then, countries raised awareness about the importance of user education to prevent and combat criminal misuse of ITs. Finally, the resolution also alarmed that solutions to address cybercrime must take into account both the “protection of individual freedoms and privacy and the preservation of the capacity of Government to fight such criminal misuse”.[6]

2.3.2 African Union

The African Union has developed a Draft African Union Convention on the Establishment of a Legal Framework conducive to Cyber Security in Africa.[7]

2.3.4 International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

The International Telecommunication Union has addressed cybercrime-related activity with a stronger technical approach. In 2012, it released a document called “Understanding cybercrime: Phenomena, challenges and legal responses”. It embraced major topics of the subject, such as the challenges of fighting cybercrime, anti-cybercrime strategies and international and regional frameworks.

2.3.5 International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)

As an international law enforcement organization with 184 members, Interpol started to tackle computer crime very early, coordinating law enforcement agencies and legislations, in regard to which Interpol made efforts to improve counter-cybercrime capacity at the international level.[8]

Currently, there are four working parties within the framework of Interpol, comprising African, American, Asia-South Pacific and European working parties on Information Technology Crime. Besides these groups, a steering Committee for Information Technology Crime was established in order to harmonize the different regional working party initiatives.[9]

Considering the already harmonized legislation as the prerequisite for the coordinated law enforcement, the African Working Party agreed upon “the project on legislation and comparative law existing in Africa with a view to having more African states co-signing and or ratifying the Council of Europe Cybercrime Convention.”

2.4 NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK AGAINST CYBER CRIME IN CAMEROON

Cameroon enacted a legal framework relating to Cyber Security and Cyber Criminality (otherwise referred to as Cyber Law) and as well as institutional mechanisms to combat cybercrime and other cyber security threats in the country. This chapter examines the legal and institutional framework put in place by the State to ensure security in Cameroon’s cyber space, as well as combat cybercrime.

2.4.1 Law No. 2010/012 of 21 December 2010 relating to cyber security and cyber criminality in Cameroon

In December 2010, Cameroon’s parliament adopted Law No. 2010/012 of 21 December 2010 relating to cyber security and cyber criminality in Cameroon, which governs the security framework of electronic communication networks and information system, defines and punishes offences related to the use of information and communication technology in Cameroon. The law is a much-needed step in the right direction to curb Cameroon’s burgeoning cybercrimes industry. In this chapter, a detailed examination of the law is clearly and concisely presented.

2.4.1.1 Structure of the 2010 Cyber Security and Cyber Criminality Law

The 2010 cyber criminality law is written in five parts. Part 1 of the law deals with general provisions and definition of key terms used in the law. Part 2 deals with electronic security and cyber security, specifically the regulation and monitoring of electronic activities, legal regime for certification activities, regulation of electronic signature and the protection of electronic communication networks, information systems, and personal privacy. Part 3 of the law on cyber criminality deals with cyber criminality proper, specifically the procedural law provisions, punishable cyber offences and the penalties. Part 4 of the law dwells on international cooperation and mutual judicial assistance. Finally, part 5 deals with transitional and final provisions.

2.4.1.2 Purpose of the cyber security and cyber criminality law

This law governs the security framework of electronic communication networks and information systems. It equally defines and punishes offences related to the use of information and communication technologies in Cameroon.

Specifically, it seeks notably to:

  • build trust in electronic communication networks and information systems;
  • establish the legal regime of digital evidence, security, cryptography and electronic certification activities;
  • protect basic human rights, in particular the right to human dignity, honour and respect

of privacy, as well as the legitimate interests of corporate bodies.

  • Define and punish certain acts committed through the use of electronic devices, communications networks, or information systems.  
  • Substantive provisions of the 2010 cyber criminality law

Some offences punished under this law include inter alia, unlawful interception (art. 65 §1), illegal access (art. 65 §2), system interference (art. 66 §1 and 67), misuse of device (e.g. art. 66 §2, art. 86 §1), data interference (art. 71 and 72, art. 86 §2), computer-related fraud (art. 73 §1). Offences related to child pornography are also criminalized (art. 76, 80, 81), as well as grooming (art. 83).

A careful analysis of the penal provisions and the punishments provided in the 2010 law on cyber criminality will show that based on the punishments, all the offences provided by the law are misdemeanors. Some offences like possession and or production/distribution by electronic means of child pornography ought to be punished as felonies due to the seriousness and repugnant nature of the offense.

It is worthy of note that the 2010 cyber criminality law provides in section 89 that no suspended sentence may be given for any offence stipulated in it. Thus all those convicted of any offence punishable pursuant to this law must serve their time in prison.  

2.4.1.4 Procedural provisions of the 2010 law on cyber criminality

Specific procedural measures have been established mainly by article 52 to 59 of the 2010 law on cyber criminality. These provisions identify the law enforcement and judicial authorities having competence to investigate and prosecute cybercrime offences. It includes provisions on search and seizure of computer data (article 53 and following), as well as on the use of electronic communications for the hearing of any person in criminal proceedings (art. 59). Judicial police officers may intercept and record electronic data (art. 49), although no details are given on the type of data concerned.

  1. Protection of the right to privacy

Users of communication networks and digital platforms in Cameroon have many rights that companies must respect such as the right to reply, request for correction[10] of their personal data in the case of defamation and right to privacy.

The right to privacy is a fundamental and inalienable right enshrined in international instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. This right is available to all humans irrespective of sex, race, religion or color from birth till death, and cannot be transferred or taken away. The right to privacy otherwise called the right to be left alone concerns situations where the private right or life of an individual, intimate situations and sensitive or confidential information is protected from public scrutiny. This is strengthened by the maxim live and let liv which means allowing other people to make their choices while you are allowed to make your choices or while living our lives we must ensure that it does not negatively affect the lives of others. This right to privacy forms an intrinsic part of the right to respect of private, family life, home and correspondences and Cameroon affirms this right in its national laws[11].

Even electronic communication service providers have an obligation to protect the privacy of their users. Section 42 of the 2010 cyber security and criminality law provides that

“The confidentiality of information channeled through electronic communication and information systems networks, including traffic data, shall be ensured by operators of electronic communication and networks information systems”. 

The respect for private life and the right to protection of personal data, though closely related, differ in some respects. For Advocate General Sharpston[12], they both strive to protect the autonomy of human dignity of individuals by granting to them a personal sphere in which they can freely develop their personality, think and shape their opinion.

They differ in their formulation and scope. While the respect to private life consists of a general prohibition or interference subject to some public interest criteria that can be justify in certain cases, the protection of personal data is a modern and active right[13]. The constitution of Cameroon provides to everyone the right to respect for the rights of others, the inviolability of the home or correspondences except in accordance with the law or decision from a judicial power[14]. As per the Constitution, everyone has the right to enjoyment of his home, family, private life without interference from others. The assessment of whether or not there is or has been an interference with private life hinges on the facts of each case. For example, the recording by an employer of information relating to the name and remuneration paid to employees cannot be regarded as an infringement with private life except the employer transferred the employees‟ information to third parties or the public. It makes sense therefore that upon receipt of confidential information, the recipient is expected to keep it secret.

The principle of confidentiality is an important principle that applies to all disciplines. It is not just the controllers and operators or providers of communication and information service providers that will have to comply with the principle of confidentiality. Lawyers, teachers, counselors, Health care providers, insurers, banks and any other company dealing in sensitive personal data will also be on the hook. This is to ensure that access to personal data is limited solely to authorized persons and to prevent unauthorized disclosure of information to non-recipients enabling the reading, listening, intentional or accidental, illegal copying during storage, processing or transfer.

The 2010 cyber criminality law recognizes the importance of protection of information obtained in strict confidence from users and places on operators a number of obligations, one of which is the duty of confidentiality. According to Lord Golf,

“confidentiality is a duty which arises when information comes to the knowledge of a person (confidant) in circumstances where he has notice, or is held to have agreed, that the information is confidential and … that he should be precluded from disclosing the information to others”[15].

All processing of personal data must be based on lawful grounds. These lawful grounds must be established, for example, by obtaining authorization and consent of the person concerned. Authorization is necessary for compliance with a legal obligation to which the controller is subject. Authorization is required in recording communications and traffic data related thereto in a professional setting with a view to providing digital evidence of an electronic communication[16]. Similarly, ANTIC personnel and experts of corporate bodies in charge of security audits are not to disclose without authorization confidential information they are privy to on the occasion of a security audit, failing which they shall be punished with imprisonment from three months to three years and a fine of 20,000 to 100,000 CFA francs[17].

In addition, consent must be obtained to process personal data lawfully, but it should be noted that consent is not a cure for activities that would otherwise be considered unlawful. Under the Law, it is unlawful to listen, intercept, store communications, without the consent of the users concerned[18] or use electronic communication networks and information systems for the purpose of storing information or accessing information stored in the terminal equipment of a natural person or corporate body without the prior consent of the person[19].

In Cameroon today, it is common to find cases of people’s numbers being transferred to social networks such as Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp without the person’s consent. We equally have cases of heath personnel who go around collecting people’s data in the name of distributing filarial or mosquito nets. These are some of the common infringements of the principle of confidentiality and hence, the right to privacy. Breach of confidentiality leads to unlawful destruction, loss, alteration and unauthorized disclosure of, access to, personal data transmitted, stored or otherwise processed. In the event of personal data breach, the cyber criminality law gives criminal investigation officers with general jurisdiction and authorized officials of ANTIC, the power to carry out investigations[20], in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code. The investigation, which entails the collation of evidence, identification of offenders and bringing offenders before the legal department is carried out without notification to the user of the breach. Breach of confidentiality attracts a big penalty. This is aimed at deterring operators from disclosure of information.

The Law punishes anyone who uses any device to attach, record or transmits private or confidential electronic data without the consent of the author. It also punishes anyone who uses illegal means to collect the personal data of another in order to invade his or her privacy and undermine his or herself esteem[21]. The same goes for anyone who uses electronic communications or an information system to design, to publish or propagate a piece of information without being able to attest its veracity or prove that the said piece of information was true[22].

The case of the People of Cameroon v Ekume Otte Sakwe[23] is illustrative of this point. In this case, Sakwe, a resident in Buea was charged by the judicial police with publication of false information about three companies which were Yadikwa Immobilier, Agro Agricultural Cooperative Ltd and Darling Home without being able to attest its veracity thereby committing an offence punishable by section 78 (1) of the Law. After careful consideration by the examining magistrate, Sakwe walked away a free man for want of concrete evidence.

It is evident from all that has been said above that the Cameroonian legislature has taken a significant step to ensure the safety of Cameroonians on the internet, the protection of privacy, and the deterrence of cyber criminality in Cameroon through the passing of the 2010 law on cyber security and cyber criminality in Cameroon. 

2.5 Institutional Framework against Cyber Crime In Cameroon

The enforcement of cyber security laws in Cameroon is a job that is done with the help of number established institutions. By institutions here, we are talking about bodies set up with the duty of ensuring the regulations of cyber security are enforced. Amongst these bodies we have the following;

2.5.1 The National Agency for Information and Communication Technologies (ANTIC)

The National Agency for Information and Communication Technologies (more commonly known by its French acronym ANTIC) serves as the central institution set up in Cameroon for the regulation and enforcement of cyber security. Article 96 of Law No. 2010/013 of December 2010 Governing Electronic Communications in Cameroon provides that;

“It is created by this law, a body called “National Agency for Information and Communication Technologies “ANTIC”, in charge of promoting and monitoring the action of public authorities in the field of information and communication technology”.

As such, the ANTIC has for mission to:

  • Develop and monitor the implementation of the national strategy development of information and communication technologies.
  • Identify the common needs of public services in terms of computer equipment and software.
  • Ensure the harmonization of technical standards and propose technical standards, in order to promote interoperability between information systems.
  • To provide its expertise to administrations for the design and the development of their technical objects.
  • To coordinate the realization and to ensure the follow-up of the sites, (Internet, Intranet and Extranet) of the State and public organizations.
  • To contribute to the technical training of the trainers of universities, high schools, colleges, teacher training colleges and primary schools.
  • Participate in training actions for State personnel in the field of information and communication technology and, by issuing recommendations on content of technical training and training programs, professional exams and competitions.
  • Maintain technical cooperation relations with public or private international organizations acting in this domain, in accordance with the procedures provided for by the legislation inforce. In this perspective, it is responsible for the registration of “.cm” domain names;
  • To put in place mechanisms to settle disputes between operators of information and communication technology and on the other hand, between operators and users, for problems specifically related to content and quality of service (spamming, phishing, hacking)
  • To ensure, in the use of information and communication technologies, respect for ethics, as well as the protection of intellectual property, consumers, good manners and privacy.
  • Develop the policy and procedures for registering domain names “.cm”, hosting, administration root servers.
  • Plan, assign and control Internet (IP) addresses in Cameroon.
  • Put in place mechanisms to ensure the safety of the Internet at the national level to regulate information and communication technologies sand the Internet.

A Presidential Decree governs the organization and functioning of ANTIC.

ANTIC is a member of the ITU-IMPACT, an international multilateral partnership set up to fight against cyber crime that offers sophisticated training programs to help partner countries (like Cameroon) to fight and prevent the scourge. According to the Cameroon Cyber wellness Profile (United Nations Statistics Division, December 2012), ANTIC is officially recognized as the national (and sector specific) cybersecurity framework including cybersecurity strategy, policy and roadmap for implementing internationally recognized cybersecurity standards for government agencies.

2.5.1.1 ANTIC’s efforts to build trust in Cameroons cyber security framework.

A number of measures have been put in place by ANTIC to ensure trust in our cyber security system, one of which is the fact that none is allowed to operate an electronic communication or information system in the country without a license, that is, a certificate. This is an indication that the sector is highly regulated. Certificates are issued by ANTIC.

In fact, ANTIC is liable for prejudices caused to people who rely on certificates they issue, particularly if the information on the certificates are inaccurate or incomplete. In respect of security, staff of ANTIC and auditing experts must audit the security systems of electronic communications and digital services providers. Though the conditions and terms for the conduct of security audits are defined by decree[24] security auditing is done periodically in confidence, with the aim of ensuring compliance of the law.

2.5.2 Judicial Police Corps

In every area of law enforcement, the judicial police have a role to play. This is also the case with the enforcement of the 2010 cyber criminality law. In case of any cyber offence, Criminal Investigation Officers with general jurisdiction (the judicial police) and authorized officials of ANTIC shall carry out investigations, in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code.

Criminal Investigation Officers and authorized officials of ANTIC, may in the course of investigations, have access to means of transport, any professional premises, with the exception of private residences, with a view to seeking and recording offences, requesting the production of all professional documents and taking copies thereof and gathering any information and evidence, upon a summons or in situ.

Cybercriminal-related searches may concern data. Such data may be physical material or copies made in the presence of persons taking part in the search. Searches and seizures are carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code, taking into account the loss of validity of evidence.

Cameroonian judicial authorities may set up a rogatory commission at, both the national and international level, any corporate body and natural person to search the elements of cybercrime offences of which at least one of the elements was committed on Cameroonian territory or which one of the offenders or accomplices resides in Cameroon.

Subject to rules of reciprocity between Cameroon and foreign countries with which it has concluded a judicial cooperation agreement, rogatory commissions shall be executed in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code.

For purposes of investigation or examination, the hearing or interrogation of a person and/or confrontation of several persons may be carried out on several locations on the national territory linked by electronic communication means that ensure the confidentiality of transmissions. A report shall be drawn up on the operations carried out in each location. Such operations may be subject to audiovisual and/or sound recording.

  • The courts

The courts, which is a body created by law and granted power to adjudicate over matters is one of those institutions in Cameroon empowered with the authority to enforce cybersecurity laws and regulations. It goes without saying that without courts to adjudicate, listen to cases and enforce the cyber security law, there wouldn’t be any point in having a cyber security law in the first place.

The court system in Cameroon falls under two grand categories: Courts of Ordinary jurisdiction and courts with special jurisdiction.

Courts of ordinary jurisdiction are courts which have an all-embracing jurisdiction to hear and determine actions of every kind, whether civil or criminal. These courts are, Customary Courts (Tribunaux de Premier Degré), Magistrates Courts (Tibunaux de Première Instance), High Courts (Tribunaux de Grande Instance), Courts of Appeal (Cours d’Appel) and the Supreme Court (Cour Supreme). In each case, the territorial jurisdiction of the court, save for the Supreme Court whose jurisdiction covers the entire national territory, is local. A convenient classification of these courts would be into courts with original jurisdiction and courts with appellate jurisdiction.

Courts with special jurisdiction in Cameroon are those which deal either with specific matters formally provided for by statute or with a particular class of persons.

In Cameroon, there are four courts with special jurisdiction: the military court, the state security court, the court of impeachment and the constitutional council.

The courts in Cameroon perform important duties in relation to the fight against cybercrime in Cameroon. Inter alia, they;

  • Rule, within a maximum time-limit of 30 (thirty) days, on all measures to prevent or stop any damage caused by the content of an electronic communication service. 
  • Swear in new officers and agents of the National Agency for Information and Communication Technologies[25]. 
  • Order any qualified natural person or corporate body to perform technical operations to obtain the clear version of data, when it appears that data seized or obtained in the course of an investigation or inquiry has been the subject of transformation, thus hindering clear access or is likely to impair the information it contains. 

2.6 CONCLUSION

Cyber insecurity, amongst many other challenges faced by the Cameroonian government, is on a constant increase amidst the availability of legal and institutional framework meant to combat it. This is evident in the fact that Cameroonians are involved in the commission of cyber cybercrimes from fraud to theft not leaving out illegal access and identity theft. This still leaves the primordial aim of this thesis open, as there is the need to examine the degree of enforcement of these cyber security regulations. However, Cameroon being a country of law, it has joined international legal instruments, enacted laws and created institutions to guarantee the protection of Cameroonians from cybercrime in Cameroon.

[1] The five pillars are, legal measures, technical and procedural measures, organizational structures, capacity building, and international cooperation. For more information, see: www.itu.int/osg/csd/cybersecurity/gca/pillars-goals/index.html. 

[2] See Article 2 of the optional protocol.

[3]Furnell, S. (2002). Cyber-crime: Vandalizing the Information Society. Boston: Addison Wesley.

[4]Council of Europe. (2001). Convention on Cyber Crime. Retrieved on 12th May 2011 from http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/185.htm

[5]Yam, J. T. (2001). Cybercrime Treaty under Way. Business Word, May 3, 9.

[6]M. M. Hoscheidt& E. F. Eichner, “Legal and Political Measures to Address Cybercrimes”, UFRGSMUN | UFRGS Model United Nations vol.2, (2014) :Pg 18

[7]Ibid

[8]Ibid

[9]http://www.weboloy.org/2007/v4n3/a45.html,

[10] Section 39 (1) of the 2010 cyber criminality law provides that any person who is victim of defamation by means of an electronic communications service shall have the right to reply and may request for correction.

[11]Section 41 of the 2010 cyber criminality law provides that every individual shall have the right to the protection of their privacy. Judges may take any protective measures notably, sequestration or seizure to avoid or end the invasion of privacy. 

[12] See CJEU, Joined cases C-92/09 and C-93/02, Volker and Markus Schecke GbR v. Land Hessen, Opinion of Advocate General Sharpston, 17 June 2010, para. 71.

[13] See CJEU, Joined cases C-92/09 and C-93/02, Volker and Markus Schecke GbR v. Land Hessen, Opinion of Advocate General Sharpston, 17 June 2010, para. 71.

[14] See the Preamble of the Cameroon Constitution.

[15] A-G v Guardian Newspaper Ltd (No. 2) [1988].

[16] Section 45 of the Cameroon cyber criminality law.

[17] Section 61 of the cyber criminality law.

[18] Section 44(1) of the cyber criminality law.

[19] Section 47 of the cyber criminality law

[20] Section 51 (1) of the cyber criminality law.

[21]Section 74 (4) of the cyber criminality law punishes with imprisonment from six months to two years or a fine from one to five million CFA francs or both of such fine and imprisonment.

[22] Section 78 (1) punishes with imprisonment from six months to two years or a fine from five to ten million CFA francs or both of such fine and imprisonment.

[23] Court of First Instance of Buea (CFIB)/017b/2015 unreported.

[24]Section 13 (2), of the 2010 cyber criminality law. See Decree No.2012/1643PM of 14 June 2012 on the Conditions and Modalities of Security Audit of Electronic Communication and Information System Networks for the conditions for the conduct of security audit.

[25] Prior to assuming duty, authorized officials of the ANTIC take an oath before the competent Court of First Instance as follows: “I swear to perform my duties loyally and to always abide by the responsibilities bestowed on me, to keep secret information I am aware of on the occasion of or in the discharge of my duties”. See section 52 of the 2010 cyber criminality law.

error: Content is protected !!